Hydraulic apparatus for raising or forcing liquids or for compressing gases.



No. 795,929. v v PATENTBD AUG. 1, 1905.

. H. D. PBARSALL. HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R- PORGING LIQUID OR FOR GOMPRESSI-NG GASES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 81 1904.

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No. 795,929. 4 PATENTED AUG. 1.1905.

A H. D. PEARSALL.

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R PORCING LIQUIDS UR'PUR COMPRBSSING GASES.

APPLI ATION r .s 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HOWARD. DEVENISH PEARSALL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 1, 1905.

Applisation filed September 8, 1904. Serial No. 223,767. i

To a whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HOWARD DEVENISH PEARsALL, civil engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 21 Parliament Hill, Hampstead, London, England, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids or for Compressing Gases, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus of the class described in the specification of my -United States patent dated the 8th of May,

' or performs the other desired operations. In

the formerapparatus the valve was opened and closed directly by a motor; but according to the present invention it is operated by a pendulum, (under which term is included any oscillating weight, such as a spring-actuatedbalance-wheeL) which is kept in'motion by a motor, or it may be by the valve itself,

which preferably gives an impulse to it during one part only of its oscillation.

The invention also relates to certain detail improvements.

Figures 1 and 2 are side elevations at right angles to each other of a hydraulic engine constructed according to this invention, and Fig. 3 is a vertical central section. Figs. i and 5 are sections, to a larger scale, of the motor P The general working of the engine is as follows: Water under pressure is supplied by the pipe A and flowing past the annular valve B when it is open escapes to the tail-race through the passage C. This passage is annular, completely surrounding the valve, being only obstructed by the webs C, Fig. 1, supporting the upper part of the machine. This arrangement gives a very free passage to the escaping water and has also the eifect of reducing the pressure at the part nearest to the chamber, and so reducing the height of water in the chamber and making it possible to use a smaller chamber.

- D is a rod attached to the valve B, by which it is made to move up and down at proper intervals by the means hereinafter described.

E is a chamber above valve B. G is one of a ring of valves between this chamber and the air vessel H.

Sis a supplementary air vessel, which is only needed in some cases, and F is a valve with a wooden float.

The action when raising water is as follows: The valve B is opened. The valve Fsimultaneously falls open, and any water in the chamber E escapes .into the tail-race past the valve B. Water'from the head also flows into the tail-race past the same valve, and hence, of course, all the water in the main supply-pipe A is put into motion and acquires a certain velocity and energy, depending on the length of time the valve B remains open and on the head, length of main pipe, and other conditions. After the valve B has been open a suitable (short) time it is closed. The water then rises in the chamber E, expelling the air in it through the valve F, and then closes it. The water then reaches the valves G, raising them, and a portion of it flows into the air vessel H. The valve B is timed to reopen as soon as this flow is completed. The pressure in the air vessel is that due to the height to which water is to be delivered. Waterflows from the air vessel in a constant stream by the pipe T to the place of delivery. The valve F is placed so as to retain in the chamber Eat each 7 stroke a small quantity of air, which is of course compressed and enters the air vessel in front of the water. This forms an air-cushion and also supplies wastage of air from the air vessel.

It will be evident that for the efli'cient operation of the machine it is of great importance to correctly time both the opening and shutting of the main valve B. For this purpose a pendulum is employed, that shown in the drawings consisting of a fly-wheel or rim L, mounted on a shaft J and carrying an adjustable weight K. This pendulum oscillates through an arc of about two hundred and forty degrees. On the shaft J of the pendulum is a cam J, which operates the valves through the bell-crank lever J The length of the pendulum exactly regulates the time of a complete stroke, and the cam is proportioned so as to divide that time into two parts suitable for the floor and delivery parts of the stroke. The swing of the pendulum would of course soon cease by the action of friction if not maintained. In order to maintain the swing of the pendulum, therefore, a crank J on the shaft J is connected by the rod P to a rod P fixed to a piston Pin the small single-acting cylinder P, into which air from the air vessel is admitted at each stroke to give a slight impetus to the pendulum at middle of its swing. A very small quantity of air is found to he sufficient. The air is admitted to the cylinder P at the proper time by the valve I, Fig. 4, the rod P of which is pivoted to a T-shaped lever R, pivot-ed to the frame at R and carrying rollers R. P P are tappets fixed to a prolongation of the pistonrod P and as this rod is moved up and down by the pendulum these tappets come against the rollers R thus rocking the lever R and operating the valve.

The engine is stopped and started by the bar N, which is hinged at its base. The ratchet M swings at every stroke of the machinery to a position opposite the detent on the bar N, so that if the bar is held against the periphery of the fiy-wheel L at any time before the ascent of the pendulum is complete the ratchet M engages with the detent the instant the pendulum begins to descend, and so stops the engine instantly, automatically leaving the .main valve shut. The stopping takes place at or a little before the end of a normal stroke, at which time the flow of water in the main supply-pipe has for the moment ceased, and as the main valve is left shut it cannot commence to flow again. Similarly the instant the bar N is disengaged from the ratchet M the engine starts again instantly at its full power, the very first stroke being an absolutely normal stroke.

Fig. 5 shows the air-valve I now employ.

Instead of placing it inside the apparatus I place it in a separate chamber F at the side of the chamber E. It is moved by the pressure of the current of water on a wooden float F somewhat as before, but is a watersealed valve, not shutting onto a seat, but simply entering the sleeve F which it loosely fits. I find this sufiicient, and it avoids all the trouble of the former arrangement.

It is sometimes necessary to vary the instant of cut-off of the air, and with this valve I do so by having two passages 12 between the valve-case and the chamber-E of the ram. The upper opening 2 can be closed by the shutter s.

The valve falls by its own weight or by the additional impetus of a spring B and its upward movement is limited by an elastic buffer B.

When using the apparatus for compressing gases, certain modifications and adjustments have to be employed; but as these are well understood and form no part of the present invention it is unnecessary to describe them.

What I claim in apparatus of the class referred to is 1. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the main valve independently of the flow of water in the supply-pipe, and means for keeping the pendulum in motion.

2. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the main valve otherwise than by the impulse of water .which has issued from the main valve and means for keeping the pendulum in motion.

3. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the main valve. and means for giving an impulse to the pendulum during a portion only of its oscillation.

4:. The combination of a balanced main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the valve and means for giving an impulse to the pendulum during a portion only of its oscillation.

5. The combination of the main valve, a-

shaft, a cam fixed to the shaft and operating the main valve, a pendulum fixed to .the shaft, and means for keeping the pendulum in motion.

6. The combination of the main valve, a shaft, a cam fixed to the shaft and operating the main valve, a pendulum fixed to the shaft, and means for giving an impulse to the pendulum during a portion only of its oscillation.

7. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum operating the main valve, a crank fixed to the pendulum, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, connections between the crank and the piston, and means for admitting fluid to the cylinder.

8. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum operating the main valve, a crank fixed to the pendulum, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, connections between the crank and the piston, a valve admitting fluid to the cylinder, a rod fixed to the piston, and tappets on the rod operating this valve.

9. The combination of the main valve, a shaft, a cam fixed to the shaft and operating the main valve, a pendulum fixed to the shaft,

a crank fixed to the shaft, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, connections between the crank and the piston, and means for admitting fluid to the cylinder.

10. The combination of the main valve, a shaft, a cam fixed to the shaft and operating the main valve, a pendulum fixed to the shaft, a crank fixed to the shaft, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, connections between the crank and the piston, a valve admitting fluid to the cylinder, a rod fixed to the piston, and tappets on the rod operating this valve.

11. The combination of a chamber, a main valve connected with the chamber, an airvalve chamber open at the top at the side of the first chamber and connected to it, a float valve in the chamber, and a buffer above the valve.

12. The combination of a chamber, a main Valve connected with the chamber, an airvalve chamber open at the top at the side of the first chamber and connected to it by two passages, means for closing one of the passages, a float-valve in the chamber, and a buifer above the valve.

13. The combination of a chamber, a, main valve connected with the chamber, an airvalve chamber open at the top at the side of the first chamber and connected to it, a floatvalve in the chamber fitting the opening in its top, and a buffer above the valve.

14. The combination of a chamber, a main valve connected with the chamber, an air-valve chamber open at the top at the side of the first chamber and connected to it by two passages, means for closing one of the passages, a floatvalve in the chamber fitting the opening in its top, anda bufier above the valve.

15. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the main valve, means for keeping the pendulum in motion, and means for arresting the pendulum at one end ofits oscillation. I

16. The combination of the main valve, a pendulum periodically operating the main valve, means for giving an impulse to the pendulum during a portion only of its oscillation, and means for arresting the pendulum at one end of its oscillation.

17 The combination of the main valve, a weighted wheel periodically operating the main valve, means for keeping the wheel in motion, ratchet-teeth fixed to the wheel, and a pawl engaging with the teeth.

18. The combination of a chamber, an annular valve connected with the chamber, and an annular passage surrounding the main valve and not being merely an orifice through the material of the valve-casing but being extended by walls to point of escape or outlet where the cross-section of the passage is much greater than at its inlet.

19. The combination of a chamber, an annular valve connected with the chamber, and an annular passage inclined to the axis of the chamber surrounding the main valve and not being merely an orifice through the material of the valve-casing but being extended by walls toipoint of escape or outlet where the cross-section of the passage is much greater than at its inlet.

20. The combination of a chamber, an annular valve connected with the chamber. and an annular passage inclined to the axis of the chamber and then taking a curved direction surrounding the main valve and not being merely an orifice through the material of the valve-casing but being extended by walls to point of escape or outlet where the crosssec tion of the passage is much greater than at its inlet. a

21. The combination of a fluid receiving chamber, another chamber with which it communicates, a valve interposed between said chambers, an annular valve connected with said first-mentioned chamber and having an annular passage surrounding it provided with extended walls to the point of escape or outlet where the cross-section of the passage is Witnesses:

ALFRED NUTTING, O. P. LIDDON. 

